I consent to receiving marketing communications from Nobel Systems. A neat summary of GIS data — so many applications. Great List! Thanks, Emeline, for your comment! You are quite right. It is not a complete list. Skip to primary navigation Skip to main content.
Mapping 2. Telecom and Network Services 2. Accident Analysis and Hot Spot Analysis 2. Urban planning 2. Transportation Planning 2. Environmental Impact Analysis 2. Agricultural Applications 2. Disaster Management and Mitigation 2. Navigation 2. Flood damage estimation 2. Natural Resources Management 2. Banking 2. Taxation 2. Surveying 2. GIS delivers real-time situational awareness. This hurricane and cyclone map shows potential impact to people and businesses, probable track of storms, and storm surge.
Try the Hurricane and Tropical Cyclones map. Use GIS to forecast traffic. This map highlights challenges at an intersection in Fort Mitchell, Kentucky, where forecasting shows traffic is expected to worsen based on land use changes. GIS helps to set priorities based on spatial analysis. By analyzing crime patterns, public safety officials can identify target areas and assign officers in those areas. Take a look at a crime response map. GIS helps you gain insight into data that might be missed in a spreadsheet.
This map measures job growth or losses in different industries and quantifies local competitive advantage. Try the shift-share analysis map. GIS technology applies geographic science with tools for understanding and collaboration. It helps people reach a common goal: to gain actionable intelligence from all types of data.
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Acta Trop. Health Place. S Afr Med J. Arch Dis Child. Trop Med Int Health. Med Trop Mars. CAS Google Scholar. Ann Soc Belg Med Trop. Sex Transm Infect. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Blackwell. Nat Med. Geogr Anal. Loyotonnen M: The spatial diffusion of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in Finland, — Ann Assoc Am Geogr. Progr hum geogr. Goodchild M: Geographical information science.
Int J GIS. Rothman KJ: Modern Epidemiology. In: Geographical information systems. Edited by: London: Longman. Regional Development Dialogue.
Pretoria: EIS-Africa. CD-ROM edition 1. Deichmann U: Africa population database:. Guest R: Health care in poor countries: For 80 cents more. The Economist. In: Population and Health in Developing Countries, vol. Calverton, Maryland: Macro International. Rutstein SO: Cluster typing procedures. London: Academic Press. Government Finance Review.
Hutchinson CF, Todedano J: Guidelines for demonstrating geographical information systems based on participatory development. Download references. David le Sueur died unexpectedly during the advanced stages of manuscript preparation. Frank Tanser wishes to acknowledge him for conceiving and driving the Mapping Malaria Risk in Africa MARA initiative and for his unsurpassed lifetime contribution to the field of malaria mapping and modelling and to GIS in health in general.
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Correspondence to Frank C Tanser. Reprints and Permissions. Tanser, F. The application of geographical information systems to important public health problems in Africa. Int J Health Geogr 1, 4 Download citation. Received : 08 November Accepted : 09 December Published : 09 December Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:.
Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Skip to main content. Search all BMC articles Search. Download PDF. Abstract Africa is generally held to be in crisis, and the quality of life for the majority of the continent's inhabitants has been declining in both relative and absolute terms.
Background The physical and ecological structure of Africa is as varied as its social, political and demographic characteristics [ 1 ]. GIS research in health in Africa Much remains to be understood about the relationship between space and disease.
Obstacles to the advancement of GIS in health in Africa The paucity of qualified staff, which has prevented many GIS projects from surviving the donor involvement phase, is a major problem in Africa [ 78 ].
Viable GIS health applications in Africa The current software and hardware trends in combination with the realities faced in Africa have given rise to essentially, two broad categories of long-term feasible GIS health applications in Africa. Conclusions A review of the health literature in Africa reveals the GIS bias towards so called 'environmental' diseases.
References 1. Article Google Scholar 8. Google Scholar CAS Google Scholar Article Google Scholar Google Scholar Download references. Acknowledgements David le Sueur died unexpectedly during the advanced stages of manuscript preparation. View author publications. Additional information Authors' contributions The authors contributed equally to the conceptualisation and writing of the manuscript. Rights and permissions Reprints and Permissions. About this article Cite this article Tanser, F.
Photographic interpretation is a major part of GIS. Photo interpretation involves analyzing aerial photographs and assessing the features that appear. Digital data can also be entered into GIS. An example of this kind of information is computer data collected by satellites that show land use —the location of farms, towns, and forests. Remote sensing provides another tool that can be integrated into a GIS. Remote sensing includes imagery and other data collected from satellites, balloons, and drones.
Finally, GIS can also include data in table or spreadsheet form, such as population demographics. Demographics can range from age, income, and ethnicity to recent purchases and internet browsing preferences. GIS technology allows all these different types of information, no matter their source or original format, to be overlaid on top of one another on a single map. GIS uses location as the key index variable to relate these seemingly unrelated data.
Putting information into GIS is called data capture. Data that are already in digital form, such as most tables and images taken by satellites, can simply be uploaded into GIS. Maps, however, must first be scanned, or converted to digital format.
The two major types of GIS file formats are raster and vector. Raster formats are grids of cells or pixels. Raster formats are useful for storing GIS data that vary, such as elevation or satellite imagery. Vector formats are polygons that use points called nodes and lines.
Vector formats are useful for storing GIS data with firm borders, such as school districts or streets. GIS technology can be used to display spatial relationships and linear networks. Spatial relationships may display topography , such as agricultural fields and streams. They may also display land-use patterns, such as the location of parks and housing complexes. Linear networks, sometimes called geometric networks, are often represented by roads, rivers, and public utility grids in a GIS.
A line on a map may indicate a road or highway. With GIS layers, however, that road may indicate the boundary of a school district , public park, or other demographic or land-use area.
Using diverse data capture, the linear network of a river may be mapped on a GIS to indicate the stream flow of different tributaries. GIS must make the information from all the various maps and sources align , so they fit together on the same scale. A scale is the relationship between the distance on a map and the actual distance on Earth. Often, GIS must manipulate data because different maps have different projections.
Different types of projections accomplish this task in different ways, but all result in some distortion. To transfer a curved, three-dimensional shape onto a flat surface inevitably requires stretching some parts and squeezing others. GIS takes data from maps that were made using different projections and combines them so all the information can be displayed using one common projection.
Once all the desired data have been entered into a GIS system, they can be combined to produce a wide variety of individual maps, depending on which data layers are included. One of the most common uses of GIS technology involves comparing natural features with human activity.
For instance, GIS maps can display what man-made features are near certain natural features, such as which homes and businesses are in areas prone to flooding. Maps of a single city or neighborhood can relate such information as average income, book sales, or voting patterns. Any GIS data layer can be added or subtracted to the same map.
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